Cavemen lived during the Stone Age. The Stone Age was a time period when most preserved human tools were made of stone. The StoneAge has been divided into three different parts, the Paleolithic Age ( the Old Stone Age ), the Mesolithic Age ( the Middle Stone Age ), and the Neolithic Age ( the New Stone Age). Cavemen lived during the Paleolithic Age. The Paleolithic Age was more than one-million years long, and over two million years ago.